Reference ranges for fetal ventricular width: a non-normal approach

Longitudinal reference ranges for fetal ultrasound biometry in twin pregnancies

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish longitudinal reference ranges for fetal ultrasound biometry measurements and growth parameters in twin pregnancies. METHOD A total of 200 uncomplicated twin pregnancies before 21 weeks of gestation were recruited for this prospective, longitudinal study. Women who abandoned follow-up, pregnancies with unknown outcomes or pregnancies with co...

Normal reference ranges for echocardiography: do we really need more?

Echocardiography is themostwidelyusednon-invasivecardiac imaging for assessing the cardiac structure and function. Echocardiography has the advantage of low cost, no radiation risk, and great availability. However, as for any diagnostic test, its interpretation depends on its ability to accurately detect abnormalities. Actually, the definition of ‘abnormal’ relies on the definition of ‘normal’ ...

Are TSH normal reference ranges adequate for pregnant women?

Reference Ranges of Fetal Cerebral Lateral Ventricle Parameters by Ultrasonography.

Objectives This study was done to evaluate the normal fetal cerebral lateral ventricle dimensions with transabdominal ultrasonography. The atrial width (AW), ventricle-to-choroid measurement (V-C), ventricle-to-hemisphere ratio (VHR), and combined anterior horn measurement (CAHM) were taken. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 400 normal singleton pregnant subjects whose gestatio...

Normal reference ranges for biochemical substances relating to renal, hepatic, and bone function in fetal and maternal plasma throughout pregnancy.

Normal reference ranges for sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase were determined from 344 fetal and maternal plasma samples between 15 and 38 weeks' gestation. Pure fetal blood was obtained by fetoscopy in the second trimester and in the third trimester by umbilical cord puncture at delivery....